Before 70s vocational training had been a responsibility of the employers. If they saw that thier employees are lack of skills they could organise different trainings. But in 70s government started to introduce training schemes for young people and this was called new vocationalism - direct involvement in youth training. New vocationalism establishes close link between education and economy. It gave the opportunity for those who want particular work take vocational qualifications and learn skills. First of all these schools are mostly were specialised and work-based. But them new qualifications allowed young people broader their minds and increase knowledge in different subjects such as art,design etc. Vocational qualifications are tend to be more popular among working class people as they often don't have financial support to continue their study so they start working from youth. But also new vocationalism was criticised for itd disadvantages such as making class inequalities in the education system, young workers already accept being exploitet and get low paid jobs.

Marxist - sociologist Phil Cohen (1984): "the real purpose of "New Vocationalism" is social control. To create good behaviour and discipline rather than training for work. Young people who refuse to take part are "punished" by having benefits withdrawn"